1. Category
2. Factory made watches

Factory made watches were first produced in the 19th century. Many attempts failed starting with Pierre Frederic Ingold. The earliest attempts had to deal with both the development of the technology and the strong adverse reaction from the existing shop based watchmakers and their many parts suppliers.c

The first commercially successful operation may have been Nicole Nielsen and Co. but that endeavor never sought visibility or promoted the factory processes. Their work was almost exclusively marketed through other traditional makers.

The company that deserves the credit for creating the modern factory system is the Waltham Watch Co.